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Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH)

A USDOT University Transportation Center

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Traffic Speeds and Speed Differentials

Traffic speed and speed differential can both measure how fast vehicles move on a given stretch of road. This indicator monitors and optimizes traffic flow and road safety. There are many factors affecting traffic speed, such as weather conditions, road closures, and accidents. Speed limits are typically set based on the average speed of traffic flow during free-flowing conditions. Monitoring traffic speed can help identify areas where traffic is consistently flowing below the posted speed limit.1,2

This indicator helps determine the effectiveness of the following objectives

  • Less Contamination
  • Less Emissions
  • Less Traffic Noise
  • Connectivity and Inclusion
  • Healthy Destinations
  • Less Traffic Violence
  • Active Transportation
  • Green Space

Data Collection

Data on traffic speed can be collected from the U.S. Department of Transportation which records and stores data on traffic speed. USDOT collects data on traffic speeds from a variety of sources, including state and local law enforcement agencies, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and data from automated speed cameras and radar guns. The data collected is used to analyze trends in traffic speeds, identify areas where speeding is a problem, and develop strategies to reduce speeding and improve traffic safety.3

Examples

HOV lanes reduce traffic and cut costs, right? Not always, economists find

A team of researchers conducted a study on measuring traffic speed at the University of Colorado at Boulder (Thomas, 2019). The team measured traffic speed using various methods, including GPS devices and smartphones. They found that traffic speeds vary depending on the day and week, where traffic is typically slower during rush hour and on weekends. The study also found that traffic speeds vary by location; for example, traffic is typically slower in urban areas than in rural areas. The team planned to study traffic patterns to develop more efficient ways to manage traffic flow.

https://www.colorado.edu/asmagazine/2019/05/23/hov-lanes-reduce-traffic-and-cut-costs-right-not-always-economists-find

1. Rosenfeld, J. Impact of weather conditions on auto accidents [Internet]. Personal Injury News & Developments. 2014 [cited 2022 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com/news/impact-weather-conditions-auto-accidents/
2. Golden, A. Should you drive the flow of traffic or the speed limit? [Internet]. ANTHEM INJURY LAWYERS. 2020 [cited 2022 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.antheminjurylaw.com/should-you-drive-the-flow-of-traffic-or-the-speed-limit/
3. Data inventory [Internet]. Transportation.gov. [cited 2022 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.transportation.gov/data